About the Journal

Aims & Scope
The journal of Biology, Agronomy, Food and Environmental Sciences (abbreviated as J. BAFES) is a peer-reviewed journal. It publishes two volumes per year (June and December) and aims to contribute in spreading knowledge and new information about natural and life sciences through the publication of relevant articles.

Charge
The journal does not charge for publication.

Subject areas
The journal publishes papers in the following fields:

Biology - such as biochemistry, microbiology, toxicology, plant biotechnology, plant biology, animal biology, and animal production.

Agronomy - such as plant breeding, plant protection, hydro-agricultural development, soil and water sciences.

Foods - such as food microbiology and biotechnology, nutrition, food chemistry, food quality and toxicology.

Environmental sciences - such as ecology, biodiversity, forestry, ecotoxicology, water quality and security.

Types of papers
The journal welcomes submissions of (a) original articles (b) short communications (c) reviews (d) mini-reviews (e) case reports (f) letters to the editor; and (g) special issues (Proceedings of symposia, workshops and/or conferences will be considered for publication as a special issue). The accepted papers are granted free online open-access and will be available for readerships allowing them to read, copy, print, cite and/or share the full texts. Accepted papers should not be published elsewhere.

Accepted languages
Manuscripts may be written in English (UK, US), French or Arabic.

Accepted file types
• For paper text: word document.
• For figures: TIFF, JPG.

Paper structure

Subdivision
Divide your article into clearly defined and numbered sections. Subsections should be numbered 1.1 (then 1.1.1, 1.1.2, ...), 1.2, etc. (the abstract is not included in section numbering). Any subsection may be given a brief heading. Each heading should appear on its own separate line.

Word count
The papers are limited to 6000 words. Contain no more than 10 figures/tables and no more than 60 references. The following sections are to be included in the papers (where applicable):

Abstract
The abstract should be a single paragraph of not more than 300 words, clearly stating the background and objective of the study, the methods used (where applicable), summarizing results (where applicable), and conclusions. Avoid abbreviations and references in this section.

Keywords
Include five keywords describing the study.

Introduction
State the objectives of the work and provide an adequate background, avoiding a detailed literature
survey or a summary of the results.

Materials and Methods
Provide sufficient detail to allow the work to be reproduced. Indicate the references of the methods used and provide full details of any modifications.
• Include the source of chemicals, reagents and hormones and give the manufacturer’s name in parentheses.
• Give the generic name, dose and route of administration for drugs.
• Specify the composition of buffers, solutions and culture media.
• Specify the type of equipment (microscopes, detectors…) used to obtain images.
• Specify any image acquisition software used.

Results and Discussion
The results should be clear and concise. Discussion should not re-state results, but should highlight the importance and novelty of the work. Referencing and mention of others studies is helpful in the discussion section but avoid extensive citations and discussion of published literature. A combined results and discussion section is often appropriate.

Tables
• Number tables in the order they are cited in the text and collate them near the citation.
• Include a title – a single sentence at the head of the table that includes the name of the organism studied.
• Use footnotes to provide any additional explanatory material, cross-referenced to the column entries.
• Give a short heading for each column.
• Do not use internal horizontal or vertical lines, colour or shading.
• Explain all abbreviations used in the table in the footnotes.

Figures
• Number figures in the order they are cited in the text and collate them near the citation.
• Include legends to all figures, giving the figure number, keys to any symbols used, the name
of the organism studied, the names of any statistical tests used and the probability levels used for comparisons.
• Include a title – a single sentence bellow the figure.
• Label figure sections as A, B etc in the top left-hand corner.
• Use Arial or a similar sans-serif font for text labels.
• Do not enclose figures in boxes.
• Indicate magnification by a scale bar in the bottom right-hand corner of the image and give the measurement in the legend.
• Use the preferred symbols of closed and open circles, squares and triangles. Ensure that symbols are large enough to be read clearly, when the figure is reduced for publication.
• Use Courier or a similar non-proportional font for amino acid, DNA, RNA and PCR primer sequences and highlight sections of homology between sequences with grey shading.

Conclusions
The main conclusions of the study may be presented in a short Conclusions section. It is also accepted
to add future perspectives, and/or recommendations.

Funding
Please detail all of the sources of funding relevant to the research. If the research has not been funded please state the following: This research did not receive any grant.

Conflict of interest
All authors are required to disclose any financial relationship (within the past 12 months) with any commercial entity that has an interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript.

Acknowledgements
Collate acknowledgements in a separate section at the end of the article before the references. List here those individuals who provided help during the research. Please be as brief as possible.

References
All references cited in the text must be included in the reference list and vice versa.
- Text - Indicate references by number(s) in square brackets in line with the text. The actual
authors can be referred to, but the reference number(s) must always be given.
- List - Number the references (numbers in square brackets) in the list in the order in which they appear in the text.
- Example of a journal reference - [1] Visioli F, Poli A, Galli C. Antioxidant and other
biological activities of phenols from olives and olive oil. Medicinal Research Reviews. 2002, 22: 65-75. https://doi.org/10.1002/med.1028.
- Example of a book reference - [2] Strunk Jr W, White EB. The elements of style. 3rd ed. New York: Macmillan; 1979.

Web references
The title of the text, the name of the website organisation, the full URL should be given and the date when the reference was last accessed. Any further information, if known (DOI, author names, dates, reference to a source publication, etc.), should also be given.

Human and animal studies
- For research involving human samples or patients, include a statement that the local ethical committee has approved investigations. In particular, include a statement in the manuscript itself that the subjects have given their informed, written consent when required.
- Experiments with animals must be performed in accordance with international, national and institutional requirements, along with the following:
• Give the full binomial Latin names for all experimental animals other than common
laboratory animals.
• State the breed or strain and source of animals, and give details of age, weight, sex and housing.
• Detail the procedures and anaesthetics used, including doses given.

Submission
The documents that must be submitted are the following:
1. Title page – Included in a separate word document and should contain the following information:
• Title of the manuscript: The title should be short It and informative, giving the main point of the paper (with a maximum of 90 characters).
• All authors' full names, and affiliations designed with exponents (1,2,3…).
• One author should be designed with asterisk (*) as the corresponding author.
• Corresponding author’s postal, phone and email address.
• At least one of the authors should have an institutional email.
All authors must be listed on the title page only and not on the manuscript.
2. The paper –Start with the paper title, then the abstract and then the other sections.

Submission declaration
Submission of an article implies the following:
• The work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis)
• The work is not under consideration for publication elsewhere,
• The publication of the work is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere including electronically in the same form, in English or in any other language, without the written consent of the copyright-holder.
Contact details for submission Authors can submit their papers by sending them to the official email of the journal: journal.bafes@univ-bba.dz

Additional information
Papers are seen firstly by the editor in chief prior to being sent to full peer-review. The editor may reject papers without full review in the following cases:
- Papers that are not in the remit of the journal,
- Papers that do not meet the standards of science required,
- Papers that do not follow the guide for authors.
Articles will only be considered if the procedures used are clearly described and conformed with the international and national legal and ethical requirements, as well as the requirements outlined by the institution in which the work took place.
Editors reserve the right to request further information on the exact procedures and ethical approval obtained as part of the review process.