L 1 sub-shell fluorescence yield for lanthanide elements with 58≤ Z≤ 71

Abstract

The lanthanides comprise the largest naturally occurring group in the
periodic table, the "rare earth elements" which group the fourteen
elements from 58Ce to 71Lu, which are also electropositive and
reactive metals, except for yttrium. The researchers used these
elements and calculated the yield of fluorescence (ω L1 ) by theoretical,
experimental and analytical methods due to the large number of their
applications in various fields of physical chemistry and medical

research. In the present work, all the experimental L 1 sub-shell
fluorescence yields taken from distinctive sources are studied. A
detailed analysis of these data, and a table with weighted average values
(ω L1W ) of these parameters are presented. New recommended values (ω WR ) are
obtained dividing the experimental ratios (ω exp ) by the weighted ratios
(ω W ) and removing out-of-range values (less than 0.8 or greater than
1.2). At that point, new values of average fluorescence yields were
deduced using an interpolation that involves the well-known analytical
function as function of the atomic number Z, and then semi-empirical
data were deduced by fitting the ratio , for the three shells. A
comparison was made with other theoretical, experimental, and
empirical values reported in the literature. An evident correlation was
observed between our result and other works.